Gynecology and Obstetrics

Obstetrics and gynecology is a broad medical specialty that encompasses women’s reproductive system, pregnancy process, childbirth, and the postpartum period. This branch, also known as gynecology, involves the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, vulva, and urinary bladder.

From menstrual irregularities to pregnancy monitoring, infertility treatments to menopause management, many aspects of women’s health fall under this department’s focus. The Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Meva Hospital aims to provide comprehensive preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic healthcare services to women at every stage of life.

What Does the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Cover?

Pregnancy Monitoring and Delivery Services
Pregnancy is not a simple process that can be confirmed with just one test. Regular monitoring is crucial for a healthy pregnancy. At Meva Hospital, from the early stages of pregnancy to delivery:

• Pregnancy detection and determination of gestational age

• Regular monitoring of the health of the mother and baby

• Early detection of high-risk pregnancies

• Nutritional and lifestyle recommendations during pregnancy

• Preparation for birth and informative sessions

are conducted in a planned and disciplined manner.

The Delivery Process
After the pregnancy process, childbirth requires the best physical and psychological support for the mother. Both normal and cesarean deliveries are carried out in fully equipped delivery rooms and operating theaters by experienced teams. Postpartum health of the mother is also regularly monitored.

Contraception and Family Planning
Contraception is a delicate process that should be assessed on an individual basis for each woman. The most suitable method is chosen considering the patient’s age, overall health, existing conditions, and lifestyle. Medications, intrauterine devices, and other protection methods are planned after the expert evaluation.

Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Techniques
For couples who wish to have children but are unable to conceive naturally, the causes of infertility are investigated in detail. Techniques like intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) are applied according to a personalized plan for the prospective parents. During the treatment process, psychological support is also taken into account, in addition to physical treatment.

Tests and Procedures in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Tests and procedures in obstetrics and gynecology are determined based on the patient’s complaints and clinical evaluation. The most commonly used tests are:

• Gynecological examination

• Ultrasound examinations

• Hormonal analyses

• Blood tests

• Smear test

• HPV DNA test

• Mammography (if necessary)

• Bone density measurement (in menopause)

• Gynecological cancer screenings

What is Gynecology?
Gynecology is a surgical and medical specialty focused on the female reproductive system, including the uterus, cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, and external genital organs. Topics such as menstrual problems, menopause, contraception, sexual health, and infertility are addressed within gynecology.

What Diseases Does a Gynecologist Treat?

Gynecologists diagnose and treat the following main conditions:

• Menstrual irregularities and painful menstruation

• Ovarian cysts

• Fibroids

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

• Endometriosis (chocolate cyst)

• Vaginal discharge and infections

• HPV infections and vaccinations

• Uterine, cervical, and ovarian cancers

• Infertility

• Ectopic pregnancy and chemical pregnancy

• Menopause process

• Urinary incontinence and urogynaecological issues

• Vagismus and sexual dysfunction

• Genital aesthetic procedures

• Pediatric and adolescent gynecology

• Monitoring of high-risk pregnancies

Treatment Methods in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Treatment methods in obstetrics and gynecology are quite diverse. Some diseases can be managed with medication, while in some cases, surgical interventions are required. Treatment plans are created individually for each patient.

Commonly Used Surgical Techniques

Laparoscopic (Minimally Invasive) Surgeries
These surgeries, performed with small incisions, result in a shorter recovery time, less pain, and a quicker return to daily life. They can be applied for many conditions such as fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, and ectopic pregnancy.

Robotic Surgery
Advanced robotic systems are preferred, especially in complex gynecological and oncological surgeries. It provides more precise surgical intervention, less bleeding, and better stitch control.

Fibroid Surgery
Fibroids are treated through laparoscopic, robotic, or open surgery, depending on the number, size, and location of the fibroids.

Ovarian Surgery
In cases of benign cysts, ovarian cancer, or high-risk conditions, one or both ovaries may be surgically removed.

Gynecological Oncology Surgery
Surgical treatment for uterine, cervical, and ovarian cancers is planned based on the disease’s stage, and if necessary, oncological treatments are combined.

HPV and Cervical Diseases
HPV (Human Papillomavirus) often progresses without symptoms, but certain types can lead to cervical cancer. Regular smear and HPV tests allow for early detection of precancerous lesions, which can be effectively treated.

What Is the HPV Vaccine?
The HPV vaccine is a preventive (protective) vaccine designed to protect against infections caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). It plays a crucial role in preventing cervical (cervix) cancer and genital warts caused by HPV. Today’s HPV vaccines protect against HPV types 16 and 18, which are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases.

What Does the HPV Vaccine Do?
The HPV vaccine creates immunity against several diseases caused by HPV infections in both men and women. It provides strong protection against cervical cancer in women and significantly reduces the risk of genital warts in both men and women.

Additionally, the HPV vaccine offers protective effects against cancers of the vagina, vulva, penis, and anus, as well as cancers in the mouth, throat, head, and neck regions. Therefore, the HPV vaccine is a preventive health measure not only against infections but also against certain HPV-related cancers.

Diseases Protected by the HPV Vaccine

• Cervical (cervix) cancer

• Genital warts

• Vaginal cancer

• Vulvar cancer

• Penile cancer

• Anal (anus) cancer

• Oral and laryngeal cancers

• Head and neck cancers

Who Should Get the HPV Vaccine?
The HPV vaccine can be administered to both girls and boys. It is typically recommended for children between the ages of 11 and 12 as part of routine vaccination; however, it can be given starting at age 9. The best protection is achieved if the individual is vaccinated before sexual activity begins.

Hysteroscopy and D&C (Dilatation and Curettage)
Hysteroscopy: Allows for examination of the uterus using a camera and, if necessary, treatment during the same session.
D&C: A procedure to take a tissue sample from the uterus for diagnosis or treatment.

Genital Aesthetic and Urogynecological Applications
Aesthetic and functional issues related to the genital area can be treated with modern surgical and medical techniques. Procedures such as labiaplasty, vaginoplasty, laser applications, and urinary incontinence treatments are part of this field.

IVF and Perinatology Services
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is applied when a pregnancy cannot be achieved despite a certain period of unprotected intercourse.

Perinatology is a specialty focused on the management of high-risk pregnancies, the health of the mother and baby, and early management of potential complications.